Tick every root key the chord pool should draw from. Each root counts the
minimum accidentals across its major / relative-minor reading.
Altered chord types
Tick the altered chord types you want included. Anything you tick here is
mixed in alongside the main chord-type ticks (Major, Minor, 7ths, Inversions).
Chord Formula Cheat Sheet
Chord Type
Symbol
Intervals
Example (C)
Major Triad
C
1 – 3 – 5
C – E – G
Minor Triad
Cm
1 – ♭3 – 5
C – E♭ – G
Dominant 7th
C7
1 – 3 – 5 – ♭7
C – E – G – B♭
Major 7th
Cmaj7
1 – 3 – 5 – 7
C – E – G – B
Minor 7th
Cm7
1 – ♭3 – 5 – ♭7
C – E♭ – G – B♭
Diminished 7th
Cdim7
1 – ♭3 – ♭5 – ♭♭7
C – E♭ – G♭ – A
Inversions
1st Inversion
C/E
3rd in bass
E – G – C
2nd Inversion
C/G
5th in bass
G – C – E
3rd Inv. (7th)
C7/B♭
7th in bass
B♭ – C – E – G
Traditional harmony rules
Spell the chord — every voice on a beat must be a chord tone (root, 3rd, or 5th) of that beat's Roman numeral.
No voice crossing — keep S above A, A above T, T above B at every beat.
Adjacent voices within an octave — S to A and A to T should be ≤ 8ve apart. T to B can be wider.
Passing tones — non-chord tones are OK between beats (in inner voices), as long as they fall stepwise between two adjacent chord tones.
Voice ranges
Soprano
C4 to G5
Alto
G3 to D5
Tenor
C3 to G4
Bass
E2 to C4
Voice-leading rules
Avoid parallel 5ths and parallel 8ves between any two voices on consecutive beats, since these intervals weaken the independence of the voices.
Avoid hidden (or direct) 5ths and 8ves in the outer voices: the soprano and bass should not approach a perfect interval by similar motion, especially when the soprano is leaping.
Move each voice as smoothly as possible by using stepwise motion wherever you can, keep leaps in the inner voices to a 4th or smaller, and hold any common tone over between consecutive chords.
Resolve the leading tone (the 7th degree of the scale, which sits in the V chord) up to the tonic in the next chord, and treat this resolution as compulsory whenever the leading tone appears in an outer voice.
When you double a chord tone, prefer the root or the 5th, and avoid doubling the 3rd of a major triad — particularly in the V chord.
Resolve a chord 7th downwards by step into a chord tone of the next chord; for example, the F in V⁷ falls to E in I when the key is C major.
Approach the final cadence with V → I in major or V → i in minor at bar 4, and let the soprano resolve the cadence by moving 2̂→1̂ or 7̂→1̂.
Within a single voice, avoid melodic leaps of an augmented or diminished interval such as a tritone or augmented 2nd, particularly in the inner voices.
Diatonic chords
Major key (e.g. C)
I
major
C – E – G
ii
minor
D – F – A
iii
minor
E – G – B
IV
major
F – A – C
V
major
G – B – D
vi
minor
A – C – E
vii°
dim
B – D – F
Minor key (e.g. Am)
i
minor
A – C – E
ii°
dim
B – D – F
III
major
C – E – G
iv
minor
D – F – A
V
major*
E – G♯ – B
VI
major
F – A – C
VII
major
G – B – D
*V uses raised 7th from harmonic minor for the cadence.
Inversion notation
I
root position
root in bass
I⁶
1st inversion
3rd in bass
I⁶₄
2nd inversion
5th in bass
Chord Wizard
Master Chords & Harmony
Identify Chords
How to play
A chord is shown on the stave
Read the notes and pick the correct chord name from the options
Tap Cheat Sheet any time for a quick reference of chord formulas Tap Settings to choose difficulty and clef.
Complete all 10 questions to see your score 🏆 Score 100% on a round to earn the gold coin for this module. Collect a gold coin in every Chord Wizard module to become the Wizard.
Question
1/10
Score
0
Write Chords
How to play
Click a position on the stave to place a note
Click a placed note to select it (turns gold), then use ♭ ♯ ♮ to add accidentals
Click a selected note again to remove it
Press Check Answer when done Tap Settings to choose difficulty and clef.
Stuck? Open the Cheat Sheet for reference. 🏆 Score 100% on a round to earn the gold coin for this module. Collect a gold coin in every Chord Wizard module to become the Wizard.
Question
1/10
Score
0
Click stave to place notes · Select note then use accidentals · Click selected note to remove
Harmony
How to play
Select Traditional or Voice Leading harmony from Settings and choose major or minor tonality.
Harmonise the given melody by adding the necessary notes for each part.
Place notes by clicking them onto the stave. Click on a placed note to select and add ♯ or ♭. Click a selected note again to delete it.
To add Roman numerals or chord symbols, select the lowest note and choose your chord.
Click ▶ Listen to hear what your harmony sounds like.
Refer to the Cheat Sheet for harmony rules.
🏆 Score 100% on a round to earn the gold coin for this module. Collect a gold coin in every Chord Wizard module to become the Wizard.